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Section 1 / 4
Warm-up
Speaking Boost A2 · Unit 40
Rights and Rules
What we can, must and are allowed to do in public places
A2 · Unit 40GrammarWords to learn💬 Speaking-heavy
1.1
Today’s grammar
Focus: be allowed to · can / can’t · must / mustn’t · rules and signs.
1.2
Talk first
- What rules do you follow every day?
- Are there places where you are not allowed to go?
- What makes a place easy to use for everyone?
1.3
After this lesson you will be able to...
- Talk about rules, permission and rights.
- Use allowed to, can and mustn’t correctly.
- Describe how places can be made accessible.
- Express an opinion about rules.
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Section 2 / 4
Vocabulary
2.1
Words to learn
| a rule | правило It is a school rule. |
| a right | право Everyone has the right to learn. |
| permission | дозвіл I need permission to go in. |
| forbidden | заборонений Smoking is forbidden here. |
| allowed | дозволений Dogs are allowed on buses. |
| accessible | доступний The building is accessible for all. |
| a ramp | пандус The ramp helps people with wheelchairs. |
| a guide dog | собака-поводир Guide dogs can go everywhere. |
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Section 3 / 4
Grammar
3.1
Be allowed to
We use “be allowed to” to say what the rules permit. Form: am / is / are + allowed to + base verb. You are allowed to take photos here. Children are not allowed to enter. Are dogs allowed on the bus?
Past: was / were allowed to. When I was a child, I wasn’t allowed to stay out late. We can also use “can” for permission: You can park here. But “allowed to” sounds more formal.
| Guide dogs are allowed to enter the shop. |
| You aren’t allowed to park here. |
| Are children allowed to swim in the river? |
| When I was young, I wasn’t allowed to stay out late. |
🇺🇦 Коротко українською: be allowed to + інфінітив — дозволено. Are dogs allowed on the bus? wasn’t allowed to — не дозволяли.
3.2
Must, mustn’t, can, can’t
MUST = it is necessary: You must wear a seat belt. MUSTN’T = it is forbidden: You mustn’t smoke here. CAN = it is OK: You can sit here. CAN’T = it is not OK: You can’t park here.
Remember: don’t have to = not necessary: You don’t have to pay (it is free).
| You must stop at a red light. |
| You mustn’t use your phone here. |
| You can sit anywhere. |
| You don’t have to pay. It’s free. |
🇺🇦 Коротко українською: must — обов’язково, mustn’t — заборонено, can — можна, can’t — не можна, don’t have to — не обов’язково.
3.3
Rights and access
Many places try to be accessible for all people. This means: ramps and lifts for wheelchairs, sound signals at crossings, information in large print and in audio, helpful staff, and clear voice announcements.
Useful phrases: Everyone has the right to… All people should be able to… It is important that… We need more…
| Everyone has the right to learn. |
| All people should be able to use public transport. |
| We need more sound signals at crossings. |
| It is important that information is clear for everyone. |
🇺🇦 Коротко українською: accessible — доступний. Everyone has the right to… — Кожен має право… should be able to — повинен мати змогу. We need more… — Нам потрібно більше…
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Section 4 / 4
Speaking
4.1
Easy — warm up your speaking
- Do you follow rules?
- What is the most important rule at home?
- Are dogs allowed in your building?
- Can you park near your home?
- Do you wear a seat belt?
- Is smoking allowed in your city?
- Do you have a lift in your building?
- Are there rules at your work or school?
- Can you use your phone in class?
- Do you mind following rules?
- Are there ramps near your home?
- Do buses announce stops?
4.2
Medium — say more
- What rules did you have as a child?
- What are you not allowed to do at work?
- Describe a rule that you think is silly.
- Describe a rule that you think is very important.
- What signs and sounds help you in the street?
- How can a building be made accessible?
- What must you do before you travel abroad?
- Are children allowed to work in your country?
- Tell me about a time you broke a rule.
- How do you feel about rules in public places?
- What is allowed in your home that is not allowed elsewhere?
- What should a city do to be friendly to everyone?
4.3
Deeper — explain and give reasons
- Why do we need rules?
- Are rights and rules the same? Explain.
- How can society make life easier for people with disabilities?
- What are the most important rights of people?
- Should all public places be accessible by law? Why?
- Which rules would you change in your country?
- Is it ever right to break a rule?
- If you were a mayor for a day, what rules would you make?
4.4
More questions
- What are you allowed to do at your age?
- What aren’t you allowed to do at work?
- Must you wear a seat belt?
- Can you use a phone on the plane?
- Are you allowed to take photos in museums?
- Are guide dogs allowed in restaurants?
- What must you do before leaving home?
- Can children use the bus alone?
- Why can’t you drive after a drink?
- What mustn’t you do at a crossing?
- Do you have to pay for the bus?
- What sign do you see most often?
4.5
Opinions and what-ifs
- Do you think there are too many rules?
- Would you rather have more rules or more freedom?
- What if there were no rules at all?
- Is it good that dogs are allowed on public transport?
- Which is more important: safety or freedom?
- Do you think the rules for everyone are fair?
- Would you like to change one rule at your home?
- What advice would you give to someone new in your city?