Warm-up
5 minRoads and rules
Answer each question with 2–3 sentences.
- Which side do people drive on in your country?
- Have you ever travelled in a country with different rules?
- Are you a good driver, a good passenger or neither?
- Do you prefer driving, cycling or walking in a city?
- What rule in your country would surprise a visitor?
- Why do you think customs are different from country to country?
Words and phrases
12 minNew words
Read each word and the example. Then say a sentence about traffic.
Which word?
Choose the word that fits.
- Be careful when you another car on a narrow road.
- A should use the crossing.
- Stay in the left on the motorway.
- Turn right at the next .
- In some countries, the is on the right side of the car.
- Heavy in the city makes people late.
- Many countries the rule of driving on the right.
- The police the speed limits.
Opposites and pairs
Choose the right answer, then press Check answers.
- to overtake = to
- a pedestrian is a person who
- a junction is where roads
- a custom is a
- to enforce = to make people
- an empire is a group of countries
Useful phrases
Use these phrases to compare customs.
- In my country, we drive on...У моїй країні ми їздимо по...In my country, we drive on the right.
- It's different from...Це відрізняється від...Driving in the UK is different from driving at home.
- It's the same as...Це те саме, що...The rules are the same as in France.
- It's similar to...Це схоже на...The system is similar to the one in Japan.
- Unlike...,На відміну від...,Unlike Ukraine, the UK drives on the left.
- ..., which means that......, що означає, що...The wheel is on the right, which means that you sit differently.
- ..., which is why......, ось чому...Britain kept to the left, which is why many countries did too.
- ..., whereas......, тоді як...Most countries drive on the right, whereas some drive on the left.
Read and react
8 minLeft or right?
Read the text. Hover over the dotted words for help.
Why do some countries drive on the other side?
Most countries in the world drive on the right, but a large minority, including the United Kingdom, Japan, India and Australia, drive on the left. How did this difference appear?
One popular explanation goes back to the days of horses. Most people are right-handed, and a rider who kept to the left could keep his right hand, with his sword, towards anyone who approached. This explanation is widely repeated, although historians are not sure how much truth it contains.
The shift to the right is often linked to France and the United States. After the French Revolution, and later under Napoleon, the right side was promoted in the lands which France controlled. In the United States, large wagons were pulled by several horses, and the driver often sat on the left rear horse, which made it natural to pass other wagons on the right.
Britain and its former empire kept to the left, which is why so many countries in Africa, Asia and Oceania still do. A few countries have changed. In Sweden, which drove on the left until 1967, the change was made in a single day, on 3 September, and was named "Dagen H".
Today the difference can be confusing for tourists, who need time to adapt to a different lane.
Would you find it difficult to drive on the other side?
True or false?
- Most countries drive on the right.
- Sweden changed to driving on the right in 1967.
- Historians are completely sure about the sword explanation.
- The United Kingdom drives on the right.
- Tourists may need time to adapt to a different lane.
What do you think?
- Do you think a country should ever change its side of the road?
- Why do traditions like this last for centuries?
- What other rules differ from country to country?
- How can tourists prepare for different rules?
Grammar for speaking
10 minGrammar for speaking
Non-defining relative clauses
Add extra information between commas with who, which, whose or where, but not that. Which can also refer to a whole idea.
Sweden, which drove on the left until 1967, changed in a day. My uncle, who lives in Leeds, drives on the left. He drove on the wrong side, which was dangerous.
Same, different, similar
the same as, similar to, different from, unlike, whereas.
The rules are the same as in France. This is similar to Japan. It is different from my country. Unlike Ukraine, the UK drives on the left.
Block 3 review
Use the grammar from this block.
relative clauses (L11) · quantifiers (L12) · comparing (L13)
Common mistakes: commas in non-defining clauses, which instead of that, and the same as. ✗ Sweden, that drove on the left → Sweden, which drove on the left. ✗ different than → different from.
Choose the right form
- Sweden, drove on the left until 1967, changed in a day.
- My uncle, lives in Leeds, drives on the left.
- He drove on the wrong side, was dangerous.
- The rules are the same in France.
- It is different my country.
- Ukraine, the UK drives on the left.
- It's similar the system in Japan.
- Most countries drive on the right, some drive on the left.
Fix the mistake
Each sentence has one mistake. Type the correct words.
- Sweden, that drove on the left, changed in 1967. →
- My uncle, that lives in Leeds, drives on the left. →
- The rules are same as in France. →
- It is different than my country. →
- Like Ukraine, the UK drives on the left. →
- Britain kept to the left, what is why many countries did. →
Talk about it
Answer in detail. Use non-defining clauses and the same as, different from and unlike.
- Which side do people drive on in your country?
- Have you ever driven or travelled in a country with different traffic rules?
- What other rules are different from country to country?
- Why do you think customs differ so much?
- What is the strangest rule you know of, which surprised you?
- Do you prefer driving, cycling or walking in a city?
Three people and the road, and a short talk
8 minThree people and the road
Three people have different experiences of traffic rules. Compare them. Who finds the rules the most difficult? Who knows the most? What advice would you give each one?
Alina, 27
- Is visiting London
- Is used to driving on the right
- Finds it difficult to cross the road
- Has rented a car
George, 48
- Is a taxi driver in London
- Has driven on the left for thirty years
- Takes tourists around
- Says other drivers are the problem
Prof Lund, 60
- Is a historian in Sweden
- Remembers the change of 1967
- Says people adapted quickly
- Studies traffic history
Mini-talk: rules and customs
Your teacher will time you.
- Plan for one minute, then speak for one or two minutes.
- Part 1: describe the traffic rules in your country (which, where).
- Part 2: compare them with another country (the same as, different from).
- Part 3: the strangest rule or custom you know.
Personal questions
10 minPart I: Me
- Which side do people drive on in your country?
- Do you drive?
- Have you ever driven abroad?
- What is the most confusing road sign you know?
- Do you prefer being a driver or a passenger?
- What is your favourite way to travel?
- Have you ever been in a traffic jam?
- What is the traffic like in your town?
Part II: Other people
- Who in your family drives well?
- Who gives you lifts?
- Who always gets lost?
- Who has driven in another country?
- Who do you know that doesn't like driving?
- Who taught you to drive or to ride a bike?
Part III: A bit deeper
- Should every country drive on the same side?
- Should speed limits be stricter?
- Are roundabouts better than traffic lights?
- Should old cars be banned from city centres?
- Is it dangerous to change rules suddenly?
Roleplay
12 minHiring a car abroad
Customer
You rent a car in the UK (your teacher works at the rental desk):- say you are used to driving on the right
- ask about the main differences
- ask about the steering wheel
- ask for advice
Rental clerk
Says things like:- How can I help?
- Here the traffic keeps to the left.
- The steering wheel is on the right.
- Drive carefully!
Explaining a custom
Expert
A visitor (your teacher) asks about customs in your country:- describe a custom
- say where it comes from
- compare it with the visitor's country
- ask a question
Visitor
Says things like:- What's that custom?
- Why do you do it?
- We do it differently.
- Interesting! Can you tell me more?
Homework
at homeYour homework score
Do all four exercises, then press Check all homework. Correct answers will appear next to your mistakes.
Complete with a word
- Be careful when you another car on a narrow road.
- A should use the crossing.
- Stay in the left on the motorway.
- Turn right at the next .
- In some countries, the is on the right side of the car.
- Heavy in the city makes people late.
- Many countries the rule of driving on the right.
- The police the speed limits.
Choose the correct form
- Kyiv, is on the Dnipro, is a big city.
- My sister, lives in Rome, is a nurse.
- It rained all day, spoiled our plans.
- This is my old phone.
- Their life is different ours.
- me, she loves driving.
- My car is similar yours.
- Some people drive fast, others drive slowly.
Correct or incorrect?
Decide if each sentence is grammatically correct.
- Sweden, which drove on the left until 1967, changed in a day.
- Sweden, that drove on the left, changed in 1967.
- The rules are the same as in France.
- It is different than my country.
- Unlike Ukraine, the UK drives on the left.
- Like Ukraine, the UK drives on the left.
- My uncle, who lives in Leeds, drives on the left.
Match the two halves
- In my country,
- Driving in the UK is
- The rules are
- The system is
- Unlike Ukraine,
- The wheel is on the right,
- Most countries drive on the right,
Finished the lesson?
Mark it as complete to keep track of your progress.