Speaking Boost · B2 · Lesson 4 of 50
Speaking Boost B2 · Block 1: Mind and Identity

Why do beginners sometimes feel like experts?

In 1999 two psychologists described a surprising pattern: people with little skill often overestimate how good they are. Learn to compare and contrast ideas, and to talk about confidence and learning.

1

Warm-up

5 min
1.1

Skills and confidence

Answer each question with 2–3 sentences.

  1. What skill are you learning at the moment?
  2. Do you ever feel more confident than you should?
  3. How do you check your own progress?
  4. What was harder than you expected?
  5. Do you like getting feedback?
  6. What do you tend to overestimate or underestimate?
2

Words and phrases

12 min
2.1

New words

Read each word and the example. Then say a sentence about a skill you have.

2.2

Which word?

Choose the word that fits.

  1. Beginners are often and think the task is easy.
  2. Many people their own abilities.
  3. It is a mistake to a difficult task.
  4. An knows a subject very well.
  5. She asked for to see how she could improve.
  6. We are often not of our own mistakes.
  7. The test was used to their skills.
  8. A person accepts that they don't know everything.
2.3

Opposites and pairs

Choose the right answer, then press Check answers.

  1. overconfident =
  2. to overestimate = to think something is
  3. a beginner is someone who is
  4. to assess = to
  5. humble =
  6. feedback is
2.4

Useful phrases

Use these phrases to compare and contrast.

  • The more I learn, the more I realise...Чим більше я вчуся, тим більше розумію...The more I learn, the more I realise I don't know.
  • The more confident you are, the less...Чим впевненіший ти, тим менше...The more confident you are, the less you listen.
  • Beginners..., whereas experts...Початківці..., тоді як експерти...Beginners are confident, whereas experts are often careful.
  • Although it seems...,Хоча здається,...Although it seems easy, it takes years to learn.
  • Despite my experience,...Попри мій досвід,...Despite my experience, I still make mistakes.
  • However,...Проте,...However, critics say the results are not so simple.
  • On the other hand,...З іншого боку,...On the other hand, confidence helps us start.
  • I tend to overestimate...Я схильний переоцінювати...I tend to overestimate how much I can do in a day.
3

Read and react

8 min
3.1

The Dunning–Kruger effect

Read the text. Hover over the dotted words for help.

Why do beginners sometimes feel like experts?

In 1999, two psychologists at Cornell University, David Dunning and Justin Kruger, published a famous study called "Unskilled and Unaware of It". They gave people tests of skills such as logic and grammar and then asked them to guess their own scores.

The result was interesting. People with the lowest scores tended to overestimate their performance, whereas people with the highest scores often rated themselves a little too low. The idea became known as the Dunning–Kruger effect.

A common explanation is that the skills we need to do something well are also the skills we need to judge our work. A beginner may not know enough to notice their mistakes. The more we learn, the more we realise how much there is still to know.

However, the effect is not so simple. Some researchers argue that part of the pattern may be a statistical result, not only a psychological one. The popular graph of "Mount Stupid" is also a simplification, and the real data look more complicated.

So the lesson is not that beginners are foolish. Rather, we should be humble, ask for feedback and compare our opinion with evidence.

Do you ever feel overconfident when you start something new?

3.2

True or false?

  1. The study was published in 1999.
  2. People with the lowest scores tended to underestimate their performance.
  3. The authors worked at Cornell University.
  4. All researchers agree that the effect is purely psychological.
  5. The text suggests asking for feedback.
3.3

What do you think?

  1. When did you feel sure about something and then realise you were wrong?
  2. Why do beginners sometimes feel like experts?
  3. How can we judge our own skills more honestly?
  4. Is confidence always a good thing?
4

Grammar for speaking

10 min
4.1

Grammar for speaking

The more... the more

Use the + comparative, the + comparative to show that two things change together.

The more I learn, the more I realise I don't know. The more confident you are, the less you listen.

Contrast linkers

Although and despite show a contrast in one sentence (although + clause, despite + noun or -ing). Whereas and while compare two things. However and on the other hand start a new sentence.

Although it seems easy, it is hard. Despite my experience, I make mistakes. Beginners are confident, whereas experts are careful. However, it is not so simple.

Block 1 review

Use the grammar from this block.

narrative tenses (L1) · used to, be used to (L2) · hedging (L3)

Common mistakes: although + clause, despite + noun / -ing, and the more… the more. ✗ Despite it was hard → Although it was hard. ✗ The more you read, more you know → the more you know.

4.2

Choose the right form

  1. The
    I practise, the better I become.
  2. confident you are, the less you listen.
  3. it seems easy, it takes years.
  4. my experience, I still make mistakes.
  5. Beginners are confident,
    experts are careful.
  6. It looked easy.
    , it was very hard.
  7. The test was hard,
    most people passed.
  8. The
    you work, the faster you improve.
4.3

Fix the mistake

Each sentence has one mistake. Type the correct words.

  1. The more I practise, I get better. →
  2. Despite it was hard, we finished. →
  3. Although my experience, I make mistakes. →
  4. The more you read, more you know. →
  5. She is calm, however he is nervous. →
  6. However it looks easy, it isn't. →
4.4

Talk about it

Answer in detail. Use the more… the more, although, despite and whereas.

  1. Tell me about a time when you were overconfident.
  2. What skill did you think was easy but found difficult?
  3. Do you tend to overestimate or underestimate yourself?
  4. How do you ask for feedback?
  5. What do you know now that you did not know a year ago?
  6. What advice would you give to a beginner?
5

Three levels of confidence and a short talk

8 min
5.1

Three levels of confidence

Three people have different levels of confidence. Compare them. Who is the most overconfident? Who is the most humble? What would you advise each one?

Person 1

Nick, 22

  • Started learning guitar a month ago
  • Thinks he is almost a pro
  • Never asks for feedback
  • Plans to perform next week
Person 2

Dr Hale, 55

  • Has taught chemistry for thirty years
  • Says she still learns every day
  • Asks colleagues for opinions
  • Underestimates her own talks
Person 3

Mia, 31

  • Is learning to code
  • Realises the work is harder than it seemed
  • Joins a study group
  • Feels discouraged but keeps going
5.2

Mini-talk: confidence and learning

Your teacher will time you.

  1. Plan for one minute, then speak for one or two minutes.
  2. Part 1: a skill you are learning and how confident you are.
  3. Part 2: a time you overestimated or underestimated yourself (use although, despite, whereas).
  4. Part 3: advice to a beginner (use the more… the more).
2:00
6

Personal questions

10 min
6.1

Part I: Me

  1. What skill are you learning now?
  2. Do you ever feel more confident than you should?
  3. How do you check your own progress?
  4. What was harder than you expected?
  5. Do you like to get feedback?
  6. What do you tend to overestimate?
  7. Who is an expert in your life?
  8. How do you feel when you make a mistake?
6.2

Part II: Other people

  1. Who do you know that is always sure they are right?
  2. Who gives you honest feedback?
  3. Who is the most humble person you know?
  4. Who taught you something difficult?
  5. Who in your family is an expert in something?
  6. Who do you ask for advice?
6.3

Part III: A bit deeper

  1. Is confidence more important than skill?
  2. Should schools teach students to evaluate themselves?
  3. Do experts always know more than beginners?
  4. Is it a good idea to try without fear?
  5. Can social media make people overconfident?
7

Roleplay

12 min
7.1

Giving feedback

You

Mentor

A new colleague (your teacher) is sure that he is already an expert. Talk to him:
  • ask how he feels about the project
  • give one honest piece of feedback
  • explain what an expert still needs to learn
  • encourage him
Speak for at least 2 minutes in total. Use the more... the more, although, whereas.
Your teacher

New colleague

Says things like:
  1. I think I know everything about this.
  2. Why did you change my report?
  3. I don't need any help.
  4. OK, what should I do?
7.2

Explaining a study

You

Presenter

A colleague (your teacher) asks you to explain the Dunning–Kruger effect. Explain:
  • say what the study found
  • explain it with an example
  • mention one criticism
  • say what it means for us
You do most of the talking. Use: Research suggests... · Whereas... · However... · The more... the more...
Your teacher

Colleague

Says things like:
  1. What was the study about?
  2. Can you give an example?
  3. Is it completely true?
  4. So what should we do?
8

Homework

at home

Your homework score

Do all four exercises, then press Check all homework. Correct answers will appear next to your mistakes.

– / 30
H1

Complete with a word

overconfidentoverestimateunderestimateexpertfeedbackawareassesshumble
  1. Beginners are often and think the task is easy.
  2. Many people their own abilities.
  3. It is a mistake to a difficult task.
  4. An knows a subject very well.
  5. She asked for to see how she could improve.
  6. We are often not of our own mistakes.
  7. The test was used to their skills.
  8. A person accepts that they don't know everything.
H2

Choose the correct form

  1. The I read, the more I know.
  2. you try, the better you do.
  3. it was raining, we went out.
  4. the rain, we went out.
  5. He is shy, his brother is confident.
  6. She felt confident. , she failed the test.
  7. The money he had, the less he saved.
  8. It sounded easy, it wasn't.
H3

Correct or incorrect?

Decide if each sentence is grammatically correct.

  1. The more I learn, the more I realise.
  2. Despite it was hard, we finished.
  3. Although it seems easy, it takes years.
  4. The more you read, more you know.
  5. Beginners are confident, whereas experts are careful.
  6. However it looks easy, it isn't.
  7. Despite my experience, I make mistakes.
H4

Match the two halves

  1. The more I learn,
  2. The more confident you are,
  3. Beginners are confident,
  4. Although it seems easy,
  5. Despite my experience,
  6. However, critics say
  7. I tend to overestimate

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