Warm-up
5 minThe planet and you
Answer and give a real example for each one.
- Have you noticed changes in the weather where you live?
- What do you do to help the environment?
- Do you recycle at home? Is it easy where you live?
- Do you worry about the future of the planet?
- What is the most beautiful natural place you know?
- Which environmental problem worries you most?
Words and phrases
10 minNew words
For each word or phrase, say one true sentence about the environment in your country or your life.
Which word?
Choose the word or phrase that fits.
- Scientists agree that is caused mainly by humans.
- Cars, planes and factories produce .
- Solar panels and wind farms produce .
- Coal, oil and gas are .
- We glass and paper in our building.
- Many cafés no longer give out straws.
- The Siberian tiger is an .
- Floods and heatwaves are examples of .
Word partners
Choose the word that goes together, then press Check answers.
- to go
- to make a
- renewable
- the ozone
- food
- to cut down plastic
Useful phrases
Use each phrase to talk about environmental problems and solutions.
- If we don't..., ... will...Якщо ми не..., то...If we don't act now, the problem will get worse.
- Unless we..., ...Якщо ми не..., то...Unless we reduce waste, our cities will drown in rubbish.
- As long as..., ...Поки / За умови, що...As long as we work together, we can solve it.
- I do my bit by...Я роблю свій внесок тим, що...I do my bit by cycling to work.
- It's not enough to... We also need to...Недостатньо... Треба також...It's not enough to recycle. We also need to buy less.
- The good news is that...Добра новина в тому, що...The good news is that renewable energy is getting cheaper.
- Governments should... instead of...Уряди мають..., замість того щоб...Governments should invest in trains instead of roads.
- Every little helps.Кожна дрібниця має значення.I know it's small, but every little helps.
Read and react
8 minA success story
Read the article. Hover over the dotted words for help.
The day the world saved the sky
Environmental news is often depressing. But there is one story that shows what humans can do when they work together.
In the 1980s, scientists discovered a huge "hole" in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The ozone layer protects us from the sun's dangerous ultraviolet rays, which cause skin cancer and damage plants. The main cause was a group of chemicals called CFCs, used at the time in fridges, air conditioners and spray cans.
The world reacted surprisingly fast. In 1987, countries signed the Montreal Protocol, an agreement to phase out these chemicals. Companies found alternatives, and governments made the rules stronger over the years. Eventually, every member of the United Nations signed it, a first in UN history.
And it worked. In 2023, a UN-backed report said the ozone layer was on track to recover to 1980 levels by around 2066 over Antarctica, and earlier in other parts of the world. The agreement also helped to slow global warming, because many of those chemicals are also powerful greenhouse gases.
Of course, climate change is a much bigger and more complex problem: it involves energy, transport, food and the whole economy. But the ozone story shows that if science is clear and countries act together, change is possible.
True or false?
- The ozone hole was discovered over Antarctica.
- CFCs were used in fridges and spray cans.
- The Montreal Protocol was signed in 2007.
- The ozone layer is expected to recover around 2066 over Antarctica.
- The article says climate change is easier to solve than the ozone problem.
What do you think?
- Did you know this story? How does it make you feel?
- Why do you think the world acted so fast on the ozone layer?
- Why is climate change harder to solve?
- What other environmental success stories do you know?
Grammar for speaking
10 minGrammar for speaking
First Conditional
Possible future results: If + Present, will + verb.
If we plant more trees, the air will be cleaner.
unless = if ... not
Unless + positive verb.
Unless we act now, it will be too late.
as long as / provided that / in case
as long as = only if. in case = to be ready for something that may happen.
We can save the forest as long as we stop cutting it. Take a bag in case they don't have one.
Remember: no will after if, unless, as long as, when, in case: ✗ If we will recycle more... Compare if vs in case: I'll take an umbrella if it rains (only then) vs I'll take an umbrella in case it rains (now, to be safe).
Choose the right form
- If we less plastic, the oceans will be cleaner.
- we stop deforestation, many species will disappear.
- The plan will work as long as everyone part.
- Take a reusable bag the shop doesn't have one.
- If temperatures keep rising, sea levels .
- We won't solve the problem unless governments .
- If you to work, you'll save money and CO₂.
- I'll bring extra water it's very hot.
Fix the mistake
Each sentence has one mistake. Type the correct words.
- If we will recycle, we will save energy. →
- Unless we don't act, it will be too late. →
- As long as we will work together, we can do it. →
- If people drive less, the air is cleaner tomorrow. →
- Take a coat in case it will rain. →
- We will lose the forest if we won't stop. →
Talk about it
Answer in detail. Use if, unless, as long as and in case.
- What will happen to your city if summers keep getting hotter?
- What will happen unless we reduce plastic waste?
- What would you be ready to change, as long as it wasn't too expensive?
- What do you take with you when you go out, in case you need it?
- If your town banned cars in the centre, what would happen?
- What will the world be like in 2050 if nothing changes? And if we act now?
Which actions matter most?
8 minRank the green actions
Researchers who compared personal actions found that the biggest ones (like living without a car, flying less and eating less meat) cut far more emissions than recycling or changing light bulbs. Which actions are realistic for you? Which would you never do? What will happen if many people do them?
Big changes
- Living without a car
- Avoiding one long-haul flight a year
- Switching to green electricity
- Eating mostly plant-based food
Everyday habits
- Recycling everything
- Using LED light bulbs
- Bringing your own coffee cup
- Turning off lights
Community actions
- Voting for green policies
- Planting trees in your town
- Repairing instead of buying new
- Talking to friends about climate
Eco-anxiety
Answer honestly and give reasons.
- Do you ever feel worried about the planet's future?
- Is it better to focus on personal actions or on big political changes?
- What gives you hope?
- What would you say to a teenager who is very anxious about climate change?
Personal questions
10 minPart I: Me
- How do you get to work or school?
- Do you try to buy less plastic?
- Have you ever taken part in a clean-up or tree-planting?
- Do you repair things or buy new ones?
- Would you pay more for eco-friendly products?
- How much do you fly each year?
- Do you eat less meat than before?
- What environmental habit are you proud of?
Part II: Other people
- Who should do more: individuals, companies or governments?
- Are young people more environmentally aware?
- Should air travel be more expensive?
- How has the war affected nature in Ukraine?
- Should companies pay for the pollution they cause?
- Is recycling easy in Ukrainian cities?
Part III: Thinking deeper
- Is it too late to stop climate change?
- Should rich countries pay poorer countries to deal with climate change?
- Is it fair to blame people for flying on holiday?
- Can technology save the planet?
- Should having a car in the city be taxed heavily?
- Is economic growth compatible with protecting nature?
Roleplay
10 minThe climate summit
Your country's representative
You are representing your country at an international climate summit. Give a speech and answer questions:- how climate change is affecting your country
- what your country will do in the next 10 years
- what you need from other countries
- what will happen if the world doesn't act
Journalist
Asks tough questions, for example:- Isn't that too expensive for your country?
- Why should we trust these promises?
- What will you do about coal?
- What if other countries don't act?
Going green at work
Eco-team leader
Your company wants to go green, and you are leading the project. Convince your skeptical manager:- three concrete changes for the office
- what the company will save and gain
- how employees will take part
- what will happen if you don't change
Skeptical manager
Says things like:- Our clients don't care about this.
- It will cost too much.
- Recycling bins? Nobody will use them.
- Show me the numbers.
Debate
7 minAgree or disagree?
"Individuals can't solve climate change; only governments can."
Ideas for
The biggest emissions come from industry and energy. Only laws and big investment can change those. Personal actions are too small.Ideas against
Governments react to what people want and vote for. Personal choices add up when millions make them. Companies change when customers change.Round 1: give your real opinion for 1–2 minutes. Round 2: defend the opposite side for 1 minute. Use: Unless governments... · If millions of people... · As long as... · The good news is that...
Homework
at homeYour homework score
Do all four exercises, then press Check all homework. Correct answers will appear next to your mistakes.
Complete with a word
- Scientists agree that is a serious problem.
- Burning coal produces .
- Wind and solar power are types of .
- Please your bottles.
- Many countries have banned bags.
- The panda used to be an species.
- Large-scale is destroying rainforests.
- Floods and heatwaves are examples of .
if, unless, as long as or in case?
- If we more trees, the air will be cleaner.
- we act now, it will be too late.
- We can do it as long as we together.
- Take water you get thirsty.
- If sea levels rise, many cities .
- We won't succeed unless people their habits.
- If you cycle, you money.
- Bring a jacket it gets cold.
Correct or incorrect?
Decide if each sentence is grammatically correct.
- If we recycle more, we will save energy.
- Unless we don't act, it will be too late.
- As long as we work together, we'll succeed.
- If we will plant trees, the air will be cleaner.
- Take an umbrella in case it rains.
- If people will drive less, pollution will fall.
- The ozone layer is slowly recovering.
Match the two halves
- If we don't act now,
- Unless we reduce waste,
- As long as we work together,
- I do my bit by
- It's not enough to recycle.
- The good news is that
- I know it's small, but
Finished the lesson?
Mark it as complete to keep track of your progress.